Cystitis is a common lower urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the bladder. Symptoms may include pain or burning when passing urine, needing to urinate more often than usual, urgency, lower abdominal discomfort and cloudy urine.

Most cases of uncomplicated cystitis improve with appropriate treatment. Some people experience recurrent urinary tract infections and may benefit from longer-term prevention strategies such as methenamine hippurate (Hiprex), where suitable.

If you have fever, chills, back pain, feel very unwell, are pregnant, are male or have symptoms that are severe or worsening, you should seek urgent medical advice as these may suggest a more serious infection.